The CCIS (Center for Creativity and Innovation Studies, National Chengchi University) Electronic Working Paper Series aims to accelerate the public availability of the research undertaken by CCIS-associated researchers of diverse fields in Taiwan. CCIS Electronic Working Paper Series presents research results that in whole or part are suitable for submission to a refereed journal, to a sponsor, to a major conference or to the editor of a book. Our intention is to provide an efficient way for our friends and communities to receive working papers of CCIS five research domains, including Educational Innovation and Creativity in Education, Knowledge and Industrial Innovation, Innovation in Communications and Media, Business Innovation and Entrepreneurship, and Innovation in Cultural and Social Enterprises.